Kuphatikiza kwa kufunikira ndi kusintha kwaukadaulo
Kupatula zovuta zazikulu za mliri wa COVID-19, zotsatira zingapo zakunja ndi zamkati zikubweretsa kuchepa kwa msika wa zida zamakina.Kusintha kwamakampani amagalimoto kuchokera pama injini oyatsira mkati kupita ku ma drivetrain amagetsi kumayimira vuto lalikulu pamakampani opanga makina.Ngakhale injini yoyaka mkati imafunikira zitsulo zambiri zolondola kwambiri, zomwezo sizowona kwa ma drivetrain amagetsi, omwe ali ndi zida zochepa.Kupatula kukhudzidwa kwa mliriwu, ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe malamulo odulira zitsulo ndi kupanga makina adatsika kwambiri m'miyezi 18 yapitayi.
Kupatula kusatsimikizika konse kwachuma, makampaniwa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.Opanga zida zamakina sanakhalepo ndisanakhalepo ndikusintha kwakukulu mumakampani awo monga momwe zimayendetsedwa ndi digito ndi matekinoloje atsopano.Mchitidwe wosinthika kwambiri pakupanga kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe monga kuchita zinthu zambiri komanso kupanga zowonjezera ngati njira zina zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina.
Zatsopano zama digito ndi kulumikizana kwakukulu kumayimira zofunikira.Kuphatikizika kwa masensa, kugwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga (AI), ndi kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zofananira mwaukadaulo zimathandizira kupita patsogolo kwa magwiridwe antchito amakina ndi magwiridwe antchito onse (OEE).Masensa atsopano ndi njira zatsopano zolankhulirana, kuwongolera, ndi kuyang'anira zimathandizira mwayi watsopano wa mautumiki anzeru ndi mitundu yatsopano yamabizinesi pamsika wamakina.Ntchito zowonjezera pa digito zatsala pang'ono kukhala gawo la gawo lililonse la OEM.Kugulitsa kwapadera (USP) kukusinthiratu ku mtengo wowonjezera wa digito.Mliri wa COVID-19 ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo izi.
Mavuto Apano Kwa Omanga Zida Zamakina
Makampani ogulitsa katundu amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugwa kwachuma.Popeza zida zamakina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zinthu zina zazikuluzikulu, izi zimagwira ntchito makamaka kumakampani opanga zida zamakina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusinthasintha kwachuma.Kugwa kwachuma kwaposachedwa komwe kudayambika chifukwa cha mliriwu ndi zovuta zina zidanenedwa ngati vuto lalikulu lomwe opanga zida zambiri amakumana nazo.
Mu 2019, kusatsimikizika kwachuma komwe kukukulirakulira kudzera muzochitika zandale monga nkhondo yazamalonda yaku US China ndi Brexit zidapangitsa kuti chuma chapadziko lonse chiziyenda bwino.Kutumiza kwa zinthu zopangira, zitsulo, ndi makina kumakhudza mafakitale a zida zamakina komanso kutumiza zida zamakina kunja.Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa omwe akupikisana nawo pagawo lotsika kwambiri, makamaka ochokera ku China, adatsutsa msika.
Kumbali yamakasitomala, kusintha kwa paradigm mumakampani amagalimoto kupita kumayendedwe amagetsi kwadzetsa zovuta zamapangidwe.Kutsika kofananirako kwa kufunikira kwa magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi injini zoyatsira mkati kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kufunikira kwa matekinoloje ambiri opanga magalimoto mu drivetrain yamagalimoto.Opanga magalimoto amazengereza kuyika ndalama pazachuma zatsopano chifukwa cha tsogolo losadziwika la injini wamba, pomwe kutukuka kwa mizere yatsopano yopangira ma e-magalimoto akadali koyambirira.Izi zimakhudza kwambiri omanga zida zamakina omwe amayang'ana zida zapadera zamakina opangira magalimoto.
Komabe, ndizokayikitsa kuti kuchepa kwa kufunikira kwa zida zamakina kungasinthidwe kwathunthu ndi mizere yatsopano yopangira popeza kupanga ma e magalimoto kumafuna zitsulo zochepa zolondola kwambiri.Koma kusiyanasiyana kwa ma drivetrain kupitilira kuyaka ndi injini zoyendetsedwa ndi batire kudzafuna matekinoloje atsopano opanga zaka zikubwerazi.
Zotsatira za COVID-19 Crisis
Kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa COVID-19 kumamveka m'makampani opanga zida zamakina komanso m'mafakitale ena ambiri.Kugwa kwachuma kwadzaoneni chifukwa cha mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi kudapangitsa kuti kufunikira kwachulukidwe m'magawo awiri oyambilira a 2020. Kuyimitsidwa kwafakitale, kusokoneza mayendedwe othandizira, kusowa kwa magawo, zovuta zogwirira ntchito, ndi zovuta zina zidakulitsa vutoli.
Zina mwazotsatira zamkati, magawo awiri mwa atatu a makampani omwe adafunsidwa adanenanso za kuchepetsa mtengo wamba chifukwa cha zomwe zikuchitika.Kutengera kuphatikizika koyima pakupanga, izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa kapenanso kuchotsedwa ntchito.
Opitilira 50 peresenti yamakampani atsala pang'ono kuwunikanso njira zawo zokhudzana ndi momwe msika wawo ulili.Kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a makampani, izi zimabweretsa kusintha kwa bungwe ndi kukonzanso ntchito.Ngakhale ma SME amakonda kuyankha ndikusintha kwakukulu pamabizinesi awo ogwira ntchito, makampani akuluakulu ambiri amasintha momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso bungwe lawo kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe zikuchitika.
Zotsatira zanthawi yayitali pamakampani opanga zida zamakina ndizovuta kuneneratu, koma kusintha kwazomwe zimafunikira komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito zama digito zitha kukhala zamuyaya.Popeza mautumiki akadali ofunikira kuti makina omwe adayikidwa azikhala ochita bwino, ma OEM ndi ogulitsa amakulitsa ntchito zawo zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri zaukadaulo wama digito monga ntchito zakutali.Zomwe zachitika posachedwa komanso kusalumikizana ndi anthu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa ntchito zapamwamba za digito.
Kumbali ya kasitomala, kusintha kosatha kumawonekera bwino.Makampani opanga ndege akuvutika ndi zoletsa zapadziko lonse lapansi.Airbus ndi Boeing adalengeza kuti akufuna kuchepetsa kupanga kwawo kwazaka zingapo zikubwerazi.Zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito kumakampani opanga zombo, komwe kufunikira kwa zombo zapamadzi kwatsika mpaka ziro.Kuchepetsa kupanga uku kudzakhalanso ndi vuto pakufunika kwa zida zamakina m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.
Kuthekera kwa New Technological Trends
Kusintha Zofuna Makasitomala
Kusintha makonda, kuchepetsa nthawi kwa ogula, komanso kupanga kumatauni ndi njira zingapo zomwe zimafunikira kusinthasintha kwa makina.Kupatula zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga mtengo, magwiritsidwe, moyo wautali, kuthamanga kwa makina, ndi mtundu, kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa makina kumakhala kofunika kwambiri ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zamakina atsopano.
Oyang'anira zomera ndi oyang'anira opanga odalirika amazindikira kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa mawonekedwe a digito kuti apititse patsogolo zokolola komanso kuchita bwino kwazinthu zawo.Chitetezo cha data, malo olumikizirana otseguka, komanso ukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri wa chidziwitso ndi kulumikizana (ICT) ndizofunikira kuti aphatikizire mapulogalamu a digito ndi mayankho pamlingo wapamwamba wodzipangira okha komanso kupanga serial.Kuperewera kwa masiku ano kwa luso la digito ndi ndalama komanso nthawi zimalepheretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa zowonjezera za digito ndi ntchito zatsopano kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.Kuphatikiza apo, kutsata kosasintha ndi kusungidwa kwa data yadongosolo kumakhala kofunika komanso chofunikira m'mafakitale ambiri amakasitomala.
Mawonekedwe Abwino a Makampani Oyendetsa Magalimoto
Ngakhale pali mphepo yamkuntho, makampani opanga magalimoto amawoneka owala, padziko lonse lapansi.Malinga ndi magwero amakampani, magawo opanga magalimoto opepuka padziko lonse lapansi akhala odabwitsa ndipo akuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula.APAC ikuyembekezeka kulembetsa ziwopsezo zakukula kwambiri malinga ndi kuchuluka kwazinthu zotsatiridwa ndi North America.Kuphatikiza apo, kugulitsa ndi kupanga kwa Magalimoto Amagetsi kukuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa zida zamakina ndi zida zina zogwirizana ndi kupanga.Zida zamakina zili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'makampani amagalimoto monga mphero ya CNC (mabokosi a gearbox, ma transmission housings, mitu ya silinda ya injini, ndi zina zotero), kutembenuza (ng'oma za brake, rotor, wheel wheel, etc.) pobowola, etc. matekinoloje ndi makina, kufunikira kwa makina kumangowonjezereka kuti apindule komanso kulondola.
Zida zamakina a CNC zikuyembekezeka kulamulira msika padziko lonse lapansi
Makina owongolera manambala apakompyuta amathandizira njira zambiri zogwirira ntchito pochepetsa nthawi yopanga ndikuchepetsa zolakwika za anthu.Kukula kwakukula kwa makina opanga makina m'mafakitale kwapangitsa kuti makina a CNC achuluke.Komanso, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo opangira zinthu ku Asia-Pacific kwalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera manambala apakompyuta m'gawoli.
Msika womwe uli ndi mpikisano waukulu wakakamiza osewera kuti aziyang'ana kwambiri njira zopangira zopangira zomwe zimayesa kupeza mwayi wopikisana pokonzanso malo awo, omwe akuphatikiza makina a CNC.Kupatula izi, kuphatikiza kusindikiza kwa 3D ndi makina a CNC ndikowonjezera kwapadera kuzinthu zina zatsopano zopanga, zomwe zikuyembekezeka kupereka luso lazinthu zambiri, ndikuwononga pang'ono.
Pamodzi ndi izi, ndi nkhawa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira pakutentha kwa dziko komanso kuchepa kwa nkhokwe za mphamvu, makina a CNC akugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu popanga magetsi, chifukwa njirayi imafunikira makina opangira magetsi ambiri.
Competitive Landscape
Msika wa zida zamakina ndiwogawika mwachilengedwe ndi kukhalapo kwa osewera akulu padziko lonse lapansi komanso osewera ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati omwe ali ndi osewera ochepa omwe amakhala pamsika.Omwe akupikisana nawo pamisika yapadziko lonse lapansi ya zida zamakina akuphatikiza China, Germany, Japan, ndi Italy.Ku Germany, kupatula mazana angapo ogulitsa ndi mautumiki kapena maofesi anthambi opanga zida zamakina aku Germany padziko lonse lapansi, mwina pali mabungwe aku Germany osakwana 20 omwe akupanga magawo athunthu kunjaku.
Chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa ma automation, makampani akuyang'ana kwambiri pakukhazikitsa mayankho odzipangira okha.Makampaniwa akuchitiranso umboni mchitidwe wophatikizana ndi kuphatikizika ndi kugula.Njirazi zimathandiza makampani kulowa m'misika yatsopano ndikupeza makasitomala atsopano.
Tsogolo La Zida Zamakina
Kupita patsogolo kwa hardware ndi mapulogalamu akusintha makampani opanga makina.Zomwe zikuchitika m'zaka zikubwerazi zikuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupita patsogolo kumeneku, makamaka pankhani ya automation.
Makampani opanga makina akuyembekezeka kuwona kupita patsogolo mu:
Kuphatikizika kwa ma smart features & network
Makina odzipangira okha komanso okonzeka ku IoT
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Kupititsa patsogolo mapulogalamu a CNC
Kuphatikizidwa Kwa Smart Features Ndi Networks
Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wapaintaneti kwapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kuposa kale kulumikiza zida zanzeru ndikupanga maukonde akomweko.
Mwachitsanzo, zida zambiri ndi makina apakompyuta am'mphepete mwa mafakitale akuyembekezeka kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe za single-pair Ethernet (SPE) m'zaka zikubwerazi.Zipangizo zamakono zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zambiri, koma makampani akuyamba kuona ubwino umene amapereka pomanga maukonde anzeru.
Kutha kusamutsa mphamvu ndi data nthawi imodzi, SPE ndiyoyenera kulumikiza masensa anzeru ndi zida zapaintaneti kumakompyuta amphamvu kwambiri oyendetsa ma network a mafakitale.Theka la kukula kwa chingwe cha Efaneti wamba, chimatha kukwanira m'malo ambiri, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera maulumikizidwe ambiri pamalo omwewo, ndikusinthidwanso ku maukonde omwe alipo.Izi zimapangitsa SPE kukhala chisankho chomveka chomangira ma netiweki anzeru mumafakitole ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zomwe mwina sizingakhale zoyenera pa WiFi yam'badwo wamakono.
Manetiweki a Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) amalola kuti data itumizidwe popanda zingwe kuzipangizo zolumikizidwa mosiyanasiyana kuposa matekinoloje akale.Kubwereza kwatsopano kwa ma transmitters a LPWAN kumatha chaka chathunthu osasintha ndikutumiza deta mpaka 3 km.
Ngakhale WiFi ikukula kwambiri.Miyezo yatsopano ya WiFi yomwe ikupangidwa pano ndi IEEE idzagwiritsa ntchito ma frequency opanda zingwe a 2.4 GHz ndi 5.0 GHz, kulimbikitsa mphamvu ndikufikira kuposa zomwe maukonde apano angakwanitse.
Kuwonjezeka kofikira ndi kusinthasintha koperekedwa ndi ukadaulo watsopano wamawaya ndi opanda zingwe kumapangitsa kuti makina aziyenda mokulirapo kuposa kale.Pophatikiza matekinoloje apamwamba apaintaneti, ma automation ndi ma network anzeru azachulukirachulukira padziko lonse posachedwapa, kuyambira kupanga zamlengalenga mpaka ulimi.
Makina Okhazikika Ndi IoT Ready Machines
Pamene makampaniwa akupitilira kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje a digito, tiwona kupanga makina ambiri opangidwa kuti azingopanga zokha komanso intaneti yazinthu zamafakitale (IIoT).Momwemonso tawonera kuwonjezeka kwa zida zolumikizidwa - kuchokera ku mafoni a m'manja kupita ku ma thermostats anzeru - dziko lopanga lidzakumbatira ukadaulo wolumikizidwa.
Zida zamakina anzeru ndi ma robotiki zitha kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo.Makamaka m'malo omwe ntchitoyo ndi yowopsa kwambiri kuti anthu azichita, zida zamakina zimadzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Pomwe zida zambiri zolumikizidwa ndi intaneti zikudzaza fakitale, cybersecurity ikhala nkhawa yayikulu.Kubera kwa mafakitale kwadzetsa kuphwanyidwa kodetsa nkhawa kwamakina kwazaka zambiri, zomwe zina zikadatha kupha anthu.Pamene machitidwe a IIoT akuphatikizidwa kwambiri, cybersecurity idzangowonjezera kufunika.
AI
Makamaka m'mafakitale akuluakulu, kugwiritsa ntchito AI kumakina apulogalamu kudzawonjezeka.Makina ndi zida zamakina zikamakhazikika pamlingo wokulirapo, mapulogalamu adzafunika kulembedwa ndi kuchitidwa munthawi yeniyeni kuti azitha kuyang'anira makinawo.Ndipamene AI imabwera.
Pankhani ya zida zamakina, AI ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira mapulogalamu omwe makinawo akugwiritsa ntchito podula magawo, kuwonetsetsa kuti sapatuka pazomwe akuwunikira.Ngati china chake sichikuyenda bwino, AI ikhoza kutseka makinawo ndikuyambitsa matenda, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka.
AI imathanso kuthandizira kukonza zida zamakina kuti muchepetse ndikuthana ndi zovuta zisanachitike.Mwachitsanzo, posachedwapa kunalembedwa pulogalamu yomwe imatha kuzindikira kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma screw drives, zomwe zinkayenera kuchitidwa pamanja kale.Mapulogalamu a AI ngati awa angathandize kuti makina ogulitsa makina azigwira ntchito bwino, kusunga kupanga bwino komanso kosasokonezeka.
Zowonjezera Mapulogalamu a CNC
Kupita patsogolo kwa mapulogalamu othandizira makompyuta (CAM) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina a CNC amalola kulondola kwinanso pakupanga.Mapulogalamu a CAM tsopano amalola akatswiri opanga makina kuti agwiritse ntchito mapasa a digito - njira yofanizira chinthu chakuthupi kapena njira mudziko la digito.
Gawo lisanapangidwe mwakuthupi, zofananira za digito za njira yopangira zitha kuyendetsedwa.Zida ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zitha kuyesedwa kuti muwone zomwe zingabweretse zotsatira zabwino.Izi zimachepetsa mtengo posunga zinthu ndi maola omwe akanagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira ina.
Mapulogalamu atsopano a makina monga CAD ndi CAM akugwiritsidwanso ntchito pophunzitsa antchito atsopano, kuwawonetsa mitundu ya 3D ya zigawo zomwe akupanga ndi makina omwe akugwira nawo ntchito kuti afotokoze mfundo.Pulogalamuyi imathandizanso kuthamanga kwachangu, kutanthauza kuti nthawi yocheperako komanso mayankho ofulumira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito makina akamagwira ntchito.
Zida zamakina a Multi-axis ndizothandiza kwambiri, koma zimabweranso pachiwopsezo chogundana chifukwa magawo angapo amagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi.Mapulogalamu apamwamba amachepetsa chiopsezochi, ndikuchepetsa nthawi yochepetsera komanso kutaya zinthu.
Makina Akugwira Ntchito Mwanzeru
Zida zamakina zam'tsogolo ndizanzeru, zolumikizidwa mosavuta, komanso sizimalakwitsa.Pamene nthawi ikupita, zodzipangira zokha zidzakhala zosavuta komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina motsogozedwa ndi AI ndi mapulogalamu apamwamba.Othandizira azitha kuwongolera makina awo kudzera pamakompyuta mosavuta ndikupanga magawo okhala ndi zolakwika zochepa.Kupititsa patsogolo ma netiweki kumapangitsa kuti mafakitale anzeru ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zikhale zosavuta kukwaniritsa.
Makampani 4.0 amathanso kupititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zida zamakina popanga ntchito podula nthawi yopanda ntchito.Kafukufuku wamakampani awonetsa kuti zida zamakina nthawi zambiri zimadula zitsulo zosakwana 40%, zomwe nthawi zina zimatsika mpaka 25% ya nthawiyo.Kusanthula deta yokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa zida, kuyimitsidwa kwa mapulogalamu, ndi zina zotero, kumathandiza mabungwe kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa nthawi yopanda ntchito ndikuchikonza.Izi zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida zamakina.
Pamene Industry 4.0 ikupitirizabe kuwononga dziko lonse lapansi, zida zamakina zikukhalanso gawo ladongosolo lanzeru.Ku India nawonso, lingaliroli, ngakhale likungoyamba kumene, likukula pang'onopang'ono, makamaka pakati pa osewera zida zazikulu zamakina omwe akupanga njira iyi.Makamaka, makampani opanga zida zamakina akuyang'ana Viwanda 4.0 kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zamakasitomala kuti agwire bwino ntchito, kuchepetsa nthawi yozungulira komanso mtundu wabwino kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, kutengera lingaliro la Viwanda 4.0 kuli pachimake chokwaniritsa cholinga chofuna kupanga India kukhala likulu lapadziko lonse lapansi lazopanga, mapangidwe ndi luso, komanso kukulitsa gawo lazopanga mu GDP kuchokera pa 17% mpaka 25% pofika 2022.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-28-2022